What is the meaning of 'russianing' in external fixation technique?

• A. Applying a bend to the wire to cause compression
• B. Increasing tension on the wire to distract
• C. Cutting the wire to allow movement
• D. Replacing fixator components

Answer: (A)

Russiann ing is the technique of bending a transosseous wire so that, when the wire is tightened in external fixation, the bend acts across the fracture to convert the tensile force into interfragmentary compression. The bend sits at or near the fracture line, so as you tension the wire, the bent portion pulls the bone fragments toward each other, stabilizing the fracture and promoting healing.

That’s why this option is best: it describes creating a bend to generate compression at the fracture site during tightening. Merely increasing tension to distract would do the opposite and spread the fragments. Cutting the wire or replacing fixator parts don’t achieve the intentional compressive effect across the fracture.