Which statement best defines informed permission in the context of a minor patient?

• A. Parents discuss risks with the child and obtain assent
• B. Parents sign a consent form for a minor
• C. The physician obtains verbal approval from guardians
• D. The child signs a consent form

Answer: (B)

Informed permission for a minor is provided by the parent or legal guardian who has been fully informed about the proposed treatment and signs a consent form to authorize care. The child’s assent can be sought to respect their developing autonomy, but it does not replace the guardian’s legally binding consent. Verbal approval from guardians is not enough to formalize authorization, and it is typically not appropriate for the child themselves to sign a consent form. This is why the guardian’s signed consent best defines informed permission in the pediatric context.